membranes for water treatment processes
The membranes for water treatment applications cover the fields of electrodialysis with or without bipolar membrane (EDBM or ED), diffusion dialysis (DD), electro-coat as surface treatment, electro-deionisation (EDI) and other related applications, such as capacitive de-ionization (CDI), electro-dialysis with reversal polarity (EDR), e.g. Special type among water treatment processes membranes is FAP membrane that enables high-purity HOCl production via NaCl electrolysis for disinfection-purposes in beverage industry or for other antivirus/antibacterial treatment.
EDBM applications
The membranes for EDBM are typically used for concentrating up of water-soluble substance during salt splitting process involved in recycling business of Li-ion industry or paper industry. The FBM membrane as bipolar membrane secures the splitting of water to H+ and OH- ions to cathode and anode, respectively. The monopolar membranes FAB and FKL transfer the anions and cations for combining them with released H+/OH- species. For example, the salts such as Lithium Sulfate or waste Natrium Sulfate are converted to sulfuric acid and LiOH/NaOH. In case of other organic/inorganic salts the conversion is carried out to corresponding acids and hydroxides.
Typical properties of FC membranes for EDBM applications
| Membrane | FAB-PK-130 FAB-PK-75 |
FKL-PK-130 FKL-PK-75 |
FBM |
| Reinforcement | PEEK woven web | PEEK woven web | PEEK woven web |
| Resin type | Anion | Cation | Bipolar Anion/Cation |
| Thickness / µm | 130/75 | 130/75 | 150 |
| Resistance of 130/75 µm / mOhm.cm2 (1) | 8 / 4 | 6,5 / 3,5 | 110 |
| Selectivity / % (1) | > 95 | > 98 | > 95 |
| Swelling at 80 °C per dimension / % | < 4 | < 4 | < 5 |
| E-Modulus / MPa | > 1.500 | > 1.500 | > 1.500 |
Remark:
(1) Measured in 1 M NaCl solution
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Technical Datasheet - fumasep FAB-PK-130 | PDF, 135 Kb | Downloads |
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Technical Datasheet - fumasep FAB-PK-75 | PDF, 134 Kb | Downloads |
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Technical Datasheet - fumasep FKL-PK-130 | PDF, 149 Kb | Downloads |
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Technical Datasheet - fumasep FKL-PK-75 | PDF, 147 Kb | Downloads |
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Technical Datasheet - fumasep FBM | PDF, 270 Kb | Downloads |
ED applications
The membranes for ED application are used for water desalination to the low concentration of salts. The examples include desalination processes in various applications including beverages or food industry. Unlike the EDBM, the salts are not split to hydroxide and acids, but split to cations and anions in the feed chamber and after transfer through particulate membranes they are recombined and concentrated in the permeate chambers.
Typical properties of membranes for ED applications
| Membrane | FAS-PK-130 | FAS-PET-130 | FKB-PK-130 | FKS-PET-130 |
| Reinforcement | PEEK | PET | PEEK | PET |
| Resin type | Anion | Anion | Cation | Cation |
| Thickness / µm |
130 | 130 | 130 | 130 |
| Resistance / Ohm.cm2 (1) | 8 | 8 | 6,5 | 6,5 |
| Selectivity / % | > 95 | > 95 | > 97 | > 97 |
Remark:
(1) Measured in 1 M NaCl solution
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Technical Datasheet - fumasep FAS-PK-130 | PDF, 134 Kb | Downloads |
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Technical Datasheet - fumasep FAS-PET-130 | PDF, 135 Kb | Downloads |
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Technical Datasheet - fumasep FKB-PK-130 | PDF, 136 Kb | Downloads |
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Technical Datasheet - fumasep FKS-PET-130 | PDF, 136 Kb | Downloads |
DD applications
The membranes for DD applications are typically used for recycling of acid or alkali and for increase of concentration of said chemicals. The choice of membrane for acid recycling can be met depending on the oxidative nature of feed. The membranes can be built into spiral or flat sheet modules.
Typical properties of FC membranes for DD applications
| Membrane | FAD-PET-75 | FAPQ-PET-275 | FKD-PK-75 |
| Reinforcement | Extruded PET | Extruded PET | PEEK woven web |
| Transferred species | Acid | Acid | Basic |
| Typical diluted feed (1) | HCl/H2SO4 | H2SO4/HF | NaOH, KOH |
| Thickness / µm | 75 | 75 | 75 |
| H+ or OH- transfer rate / nmol/(cm2.min) | 4.000 | 2.800 | 800 |
| Selectivity / % | > 92 | > 94 |
> 98 |
| Swelling at 80 °C per dimension / % | < 5 | < 5 | < 2 |
| E-Modulus / MPa | > 500 | > 500 | > 1.500 |
Remark:
(1)FAD membrane features only limited oxidative durability toward Cl2, H2O2, HNO3 etc.; FAPQ membrane features high oxidative durability and FAPQ is not attacked by HF either.
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Technical Datasheet - fumasep FAD-PET-75 | PDF, 135 Kb | Downloads |
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Technical Datasheet - fumasep FAPQ-PET-275 | PDF, 133 Kb | Downloads |
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Technical Datasheet - fumasep FKD-PK-75 | PDF, 135 Kb | Downloads |
Electro-coat and EDI applications
The membranes for electro-coat and EDI applications are typically thick micro-heterogeneous membranes enabling high mechanical durability and easy handling. The membranes are used for heavy-duty application in painting as well as for continuous production of high-end purity desalinated water on level 18MOhm or higher. The membranes fit to flat sheet as well as spiral-wound modules.
Typical properties of membranes for electro-coat/EDI applications
| Membrane | FAM | FKM |
| Reinforcement | PP | PP |
| Transferred species | Anions | Cations |
| Thickness / µm |
500 | 500 |
| Resistance / Ohm.cm2 (1) | 15 | 12 |
| Selectivity / % | > 87 | > 90 |
| Swelling at 80 °C per dimension / % | < 8 | < 8 |
| Bubble point / bar | > 5 | > 6 |
Remark:
(1) Measured in 1 M NaCl solution
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Technical Datasheet - fumasep FAM | PDF, 133 Kb | Downloads |
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Technical Datasheet - fumasep FKM | PDF, 133 Kb | Downloads |
CDI and EDR applications
The membranes for CDI and EDR applications are typically thin membranes enabling high energy efficiency for ion removal from water solutions up to low-ppm level of left-over species. Due to the high selectivity, the membranes suit well to the technology that meets the demand of zero-liquid-discharge policy.
Typical properties of FC membranes for CDI/EDR applications
| Membrane | FAB-30 | FKL-30 |
| Reinforcement | none | none |
| Transferred species | Anions | Cations |
| Thickness / µm |
30 | 30 |
| Resistance / Ohm.cm2 (1) | 1,5 | 1,2 |
| Selectivity / % | > 92 | > 95 |
| H+ or OH- transfer rate / nmol/(cm2.min) | 300 | 50 |
| Bubble point / bar | > 5 | > 6 |
Remark:
(1) Measured in 1 M NaCl solution
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Technical Datasheet - fumasep FAB-30 | PDF, 128 Kb | Downloads |
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Technical Datasheet - fumasep FKL-30 | PDF, 129 Kb | Downloads |
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